Fastboot: did you try a usb-hub with usb 2 Ports? Did you try to use actual fastboot drivers (google mini-adb)?
Data: If you use the update.bat of xiaomi.eu package, you do not lost data.
Twrp: Yes, try to Install twrp 7.9_A13.zeus. For me it works to update, by disable the lockscreen in rom...